As parents, we all want what's best for our children, especially when it comes to their future. For parents with young athletes, it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of their potential. Whether it’s pushing them to be the best on the field, insisting they practice harder, or setting high expectations, the intention is often good: to help them succeed. However, there’s a fine line between encouragement and pushing too hard. When we internalize the social structure of sports — the need to win, compete, and achieve — we may unintentionally impose this mindset on our kids. This can lead to negative consequences, affecting both their athletic performance and social lives. Let’s take a closer look at why that happens. The Social Structure of Sports: A High-Stakes Game The social structure of sports is inherently hierarchical, with success and failure forming the foundation of how athletes are valued. At the core, athletes are constantly measuring their worth based on performance, striving to rise up the social ranks. This pursuit of success isn't just about winning — it’s about gaining accolades and recognition, rewards that are often internalized into their self-worth. The more success they achieve, the greater their sense of value. Parents, wanting the best for their children, naturally push them to succeed, believing that high achievement will ensure their future success. However, what they often fail to realize is that this drive for success, paired with the internalization of competitive values, can lead to psychological maladaptations. The Dark Side of Overbearing Parenting Children raised in environments where winning is prioritized face several emotional and social challenges: 1. Neuroticism – Constant pressure to perform can lead to anxiety and self-doubt. Children who feel they must always be the best may develop a tendency to overthink and second-guess themselves in social situations. 2. Aggression – The competitive nature of sports can breed aggression when not kept in check. If a child is taught to be aggressive to win, this mentality can spill over into other aspects of life, making it difficult to form healthy relationships. 3. Egotism – When parents focus on success and winning, children can become overly focused on their achievements. This emphasis on recognition fosters an inflated sense of self-importance, leading to egotistical behavior in adulthood. 4. Difficulty Handling Failure – The reality of life — and sports — is that no one wins all the time. Children who view failure as catastrophic may struggle with setbacks and avoid situations where they might fail, limiting their growth in other areas. The Long-Term Effects: A Misguided Framework Each of these can significantly affect a child in their journey into adulthood. For example, in a professional setting, someone who struggles with neuroticism might constantly second-guess their decisions, which could slow down project completion and create frustration among colleagues. In relationships, a person with an aggressive & "win-at-all-costs" mentality might approach disagreements with a partner as a battle to be won, leading to constant conflict and difficulty compromising. Similarly, someone with an inflated ego might dismiss the contributions of others, making it hard to collaborate or build trust. Lastly, a person who fears failure might avoid taking on new responsibilities or challenges at work or in their personal life, limiting their growth and hindering progress. How to Support Your Child Without Overdoing It So, how can parents support their young athletes without overdoing it? Here are a few key principles to keep in mind: 1. Emphasize effort over outcome – Praise the effort your child puts into practice and development, rather than focusing on wins and losses. Show them that improvement and growth are more important than any score. 2. Encourage balance – While sports are important, remind your child that life is about more than just being an athlete. Encourage them to explore other interests and hobbies that help them develop well-rounded skills and relationships. 3. Teach emotional resilience – Failure is a part of life. Help your child learn from setbacks and use them as opportunities for growth, rather than punishing failure. 4. Focus on relationships – Remind your child that the value of sports is not just individual achievement but also teamwork and building connections with others. Healthy relationships, both in and outside of sports, should come first. Conclusion It’s easy for parents to get caught up in the competitive world of youth sports, but it’s crucial to remember that our children’s emotional and social well-being should always come before any game. Overbearing parenting, especially when tied to the competitive framework of sports, can have lasting effects on their social lives. By focusing on effort, resilience, and balance, we can help our children develop into well-rounded individuals who can handle the challenges of life — both on and off the field. Citations Ginsburg, K. R. (2007). The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bonds. Pediatrics, 119(1), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2697 Larson, R. W. , & Richards, M. H. (1994). Divergent realities: The emotional lives of mothers, fathers, and adolescents. Psychological Science, 5(4), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9280.1994.tb00352.x Baumeister, R. F. , & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation and the executive function: The influence of self- control on decision making. In Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-30). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012657510-2/50003-0 Coakley, J. (2011). Youth sports: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press. Kohn, A. (1992). No contest: The case against competition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Holt, N. L. , & Dunn, J. G. (2004). A grounded theory of the roles of social and psychological factors in athletes' experiences of competition. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490465191 Smoll, F. L. , & Smith, R. E. (2006). Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocial perspective. Kendall/Hunt. Author Bio Joel Kouame, LCSW, MBA, CAMS-II, is a New York-based mental health specialist and the owner of JK Counseling. He specializes in anger management, trauma, depression, and anxiety, offering trauma-informed, evidence-based treatments such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), IFS (Internal Family Systems), and the Gottman Method. Joel is dedicated to helping individuals build resilience and emotional well-being through personalized care. He provides a safe and compassionate space for healing, working with clients to address underlying issues and enhance emotional health. For more information, visit JK Counseling or follow on social media at LinkedIn , Instagram , and Facebook .

‘More, Younger’ Youth sports occupy a special place in American culture, shaping children’s character, health, and social lives. Across the United States, an increasing number of parents and coaches—often with good intentions—seek to introduce sports to children at younger and younger ages and with greater intensity than ever before. This approach, which I’ve labeled “More, Younger,” insists that increased time on the field, in the gym, or on the court is the surest path to success, scholarships, and lifelong athletic achievement. Proponents argue that starting children in organized sports at age three or four, scheduling multiple travel tournaments, and investing in year-round private lessons will produce the next generation of elite athletes. ‘ More  games, contests, practices, instruction and start them younger .’ However, research from various institutions, including the Aspen Institute’s Project Play (Aspen Institute, 2021), Michigan State University’s Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, and the Rutgers Youth Sports Research Council, strongly suggests that the “More, Younger” approach can do as much harm as good. Overemphasizing structured practices and competition early on is linked to two critical issues facing young athletes today: psychological burnout  and overuse injuries . This concept often also tears apart community level sports, which are critical in the youth development concept – but that’s for another article. When children are pushed beyond their developmental limits—physically, cognitively, and emotionally—they may fall out of love with sports, lose motivation to continue, or develop chronic injuries that hamper their future athletic endeavors. It’s important to note that sports can be incredibly positive for youth. A well-designed sports program has the capacity to teach teamwork, sportsmanship, grit, leadership, and many other life skills, as well as a lifelong love for their game. The goal is not to discourage early physical activity—indeed, free play and basic motor skill development are crucial for young children. Rather, this article advocates for an evidence-based, developmentally appropriate approach that aligns with guidelines championed by experts such as the Aspen Institute, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and academic researchers. This piece will dive into the research on youth sports participation, focusing specifically on the dangers of starting too early and training too intensely. We will explore child and adolescent development, overuse injuries, burnout, and how parents, coaches, and sports administrators can collaborate to address these risks. In doing so, we will also highlight the advantages of skill acquisition and motor learning post-puberty and discuss how the “More, Younger” mentality threatens the holistic growth of young athletes. The Rise of the “More, Younger” Approach in Youth Sports The cultural climate of American youth sports has shifted dramatically in the last few decades. Parents and coaches, bombarded with stories of children being offered collegiate scholarships in middle school or making national-level teams at age ten, feel an impetus to accelerate their own children’s development. Compounded by widespread media coverage of prodigies in tennis, basketball, and other sports—like the Williams sisters or Tiger Woods—this cultural narrative has contributed to the sense that the earlier a child starts, the greater their chances of hitting the proverbial jackpot. According to a 2019 survey by the Sports & Fitness Industry Association (cited in Aspen Institute, 2021), youth sports participation patterns indicate an increasingly competitive environment. Children are specializing in a single sport at younger ages, prompted by travel team tryouts, the lure of elite leagues, and pressure from peers (peers of the parents, often). Similarly, the Rutgers Youth Sports Research Council (2020) notes that by the time kids reach the age of 10 or 11, many have already established rigid sports identities, deeming themselves “soccer players” or “basketball players” as opposed to well-rounded young athletes. The “More, Younger” philosophy is also fueled by economic incentives. For some private clubs and coaching academies, recruiting children as young as five years old means more clients paying for longer periods of instruction. Often under the façade (not necessarily intentional) of helping young athletes, the money rolls in.  Parents might pay thousands of dollars annually for lessons, equipment, and travel expenses, believing they are making a long-term investment in their child’s future. This early commercialism can overshadow the fundamental aim of youth sports: enjoyment, character development, a growing love for the sport, and holistic well-being. Despite the popularity of this model, an increasing body of evidence indicates that specialized, high-intensity training at young ages may be both physically and psychologically detrimental. Overuse injuries such as Little League shoulder, gymnast wrist, or runner’s knee are becoming commonplace in grade school athletes. Moreover, the mental toll—performance anxiety, burnout, emotional exhaustion—should not be overlooked. Understanding Child and Adolescent Development To begin we must state the obvious – many coaches in the youth sports world are simply former players who now have a kid playing that sport. They are not educated or trained to understand what’s necessary to properly develop our youth. A core misconception driving “More, Younger” coaching is the idea that children can be developed like mini-adults, responding similarly to the same forms and volumes of training that adults receive. In reality, children’s bodies and brains are in the midst of dynamic growth. For sports to be a positive force, training must be adjusted to align with these developmental stages. A lack of understanding of the developmental stages leads to the ‘professionalization’ of youth sports. Physical Growth and Maturation From infancy to adolescence, children undergo substantial changes in skeletal structure, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, and coordination . Prior to puberty, growth patterns can be erratic. Children have shorter limbs and different leverage points compared to adults, which influences their biomechanics during movements like throwing, kicking, or running. When a child transitions into puberty, hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth spurts and increases in muscle mass. This phase also triggers changes in bone density and joint architecture. This is the ‘age of proprioception.’ This means the athlete is best primed to conduct fine motor movement adjustments (correcting hip rotation timing during baseball pitching, fixing their basketball shooting form, etc). According to the American College of Sports Medicine (2020), intense, repetitive stress on growth plates (the areas of developing cartilage near the ends of long bones) is a common source of overuse injuries. If a child is already playing 50 (often more) baseball games per year at age 9 or 10 and continues to pitch intensively, they risk damaging these vulnerable growth plates. There are numerous other overuse injury scenarios we could talk about. Cognitive Development On a cognitive level, children’s brains are in early stages of developing the capacity for complex problem-solving, decision-making, and emotional regulation. Before approximately age 12, the prefrontal cortex—which is crucial for impulse control and strategic thinking—is still maturing (Steinberg, 2019). Coaching approaches that demand a high level of tactical sophistication or that rely on adult-like concentration and emotional management may be inappropriate for younger children. Socioemotional Development Socially and emotionally, children are in the midst of exploring their emerging identities and determining how they fit into the world around them. In healthy circumstances, sports provide a positive environment where kids develop teamwork skills, cultivate friendships, and gain confidence through gradual  mastery of physical and mental skills. However, when parents place disproportionate emphasis on performance, winning, or external accolades, the child’s self-esteem becomes entangled with parental approval in a potentially harmful way. Instead of feeling that they are valuable simply for who they are, children begin to believe their worth is determined by whether they meet—or fail to meet—parental expectations in sports. This dynamic is exacerbated by a reward system in which parental praise, extra privileges, or greater attention come only when the child excels in competition or shows improvement. When parental disappointment follows losses or subpar performances, young athletes can feel a profound sense of shame. Even when parents are slightly supportive of other areas, but go over the top for sports successes, this lesson is learned by the young athlete. Their self-image as both an athlete and a child becomes tightly woven into how well they perform. In these cases, the child’s core self-esteem is dependent on maintaining athletic success; a slump in performance, a prolonged injury, or even a transition to a new team can become a crisis of identity. The child may feel that they are “letting down” their parents and, by extension, failing as a person. “Must perform, must impress.” As children grow older, this conditional approval can encourage a cycle of anxiety and fear of failure. Dr. James Borchers, Ohio State Department of Athletics Head Team Physician and Fellow, American College of Sports Medicine spoke on the mental health crisis in America at the National Athletic Directors Conference in Austin, TX on December 17, 2024. He showed that Gen Z reports higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress than any other generation in history. He also showed us that student-athletes report higher levels of negative emotional states than their non-athlete counterparts. Why?   No longer do they view sports as a source of joy, social interaction, and skill development; instead, it feels like a constant, high-pressure test of whether they are “good enough.” Over time, this stressful environment can drive them away from sports altogether if they sense that they cannot consistently meet such lofty standards. In some instances, the child continues to participate solely to earn parental love and validation. Ultimately, these pressures undermine the healthy social and emotional benefits that youth sports can provide, reinforcing the idea that an athlete’s worth is measured only by the final score or their latest performance—and not by the person they are off the field. “Must perform, must impress.” When adults—coaches or parents—push a child beyond their developmental capacities, the child may respond with anxiety, frustration, or apathy. What was intended as a fun, developmental activity can morph into an emotionally charged grind. This psychological pressure, combined with physical risks, underscores why “More, Younger” is a flawed approach. PHYSICAL DEMANDS AND OVERUSE INJURIES Common Overuse Injuries in Youth Sports Overuse injuries occur when repetitive trauma accumulates faster than the body can heal. In youth sports, the phenomenon is increasingly widespread due to two factors: uneducated parents and coaches, and parents and coaches who don’t care/ignore the research. According to the Aspen Institute’s Project Play 2021 report, sports like baseball, gymnastics, swimming, and basketball see high incidences of shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knee injuries in preadolescent participants. Some common examples include: Tommy John Surgery: ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a procedure in which a damaged ligament on the inside of the elbow is replaced with a tendon from elsewhere in the body. Often performed on baseball pitchers, it aims to restore stability and function to the elbow joint. Little League Shoulder (Proximal Humeral Epiphysiolysis):  Caused by repetitive stress at the growth plate in the shoulder, typically from pitching. Osgood-Schlatter Disease:  Painful inflammation just below the knee, often seen in sports involving running and jumping. Sever’s Disease:  Inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, frequently observed in soccer, basketball, or track athletes. Gymnast’s Wrist:  Chronic stress injury to the growth plate near the wrist, linked to frequent tumbling and landing. Children are particularly prone to these injuries because growth plates are weaker than the surrounding tendons and ligaments. Heavy training loads and frequent competitions magnify the risk. Prevention Strategies for Coaches and Parents Age-Appropriate Training:  Shift the focus to fundamental movement skills (running, jumping, throwing, catching) for children under the age around 12. Gradually increase skill complexity and training intensity post-puberty . Coach Education:  Mandate training for youth coaches in injury prevention, recognizing overtraining symptoms, and proper biomechanics for developing athletes. Cross-Training: Encourage children to engage in multiple sports, thereby distributing repetitive stresses across different muscle groups and movement patterns. Coach Education:  Mandate training for youth coaches in injury prevention, recognizing overtraining symptoms, and proper biomechanics for developing athletes. Limit Competitive Seasons:  Implement pitch counts ( MLB PitchSmart  has it all laid out) or match limits for sports like baseball, tennis, or soccer, in line with guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics (2019). Coach Education:  Mandate training for youth coaches in injury prevention, recognizing overtraining symptoms, and proper biomechanics for developing athletes. Rest and Recovery:  Schedule 2-4 days off per week, and offseason periods where the child does not engage in the same sport for at least 3 months. And… Coach Education:  Mandate training for youth coaches in injury prevention, recognizing overtraining symptoms, and proper biomechanics for developing athletes. By adopting these precautionary steps, youth sports organizations can avert a substantial number of overuse injuries and promote healthier, long-term athletic participation. Psychological Demands and Burnout Warning Signs and Stages of Burnout Burnout is a state of chronic stress that leads to physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a sense of reduced accomplishment (Raedeke & Smith, 2019). For young athletes, burnout can manifest as: Persistent fatigue or disinterest in practice. Declining performance despite intense efforts. Increased irritability and conflicts with teammates, coaches, or parents. Difficulty sleeping Changes in appetite. Frequent minor illnesses due to a compromised immune system. Burnout often unfolds in stages: Enthusiasm: The child begins with high motivation and excitement. Stagnation: The child’s performance plateaus or improvements are negligible. Frustration: The child grows increasingly upset and questions their ability or the demands placed on them. Apathy/Dropout: The child either becomes apathetic, mentally checking out, or quits the sport altogether. How Overzealous Coaching Contributes to Burnout Overzealous coaching (isn’t this what it all boils down to?) can be characterized by high-volume training, unrealistic performance expectations, and a disproportionate focus on winning over development . When coaches and parents push for more competitions and intense practices at younger ages, children do not have time to recover—physically or mentally. The child feels locked in a cycle of “must perform, must impress,” leading them to associate sports with stress rather than enjoyment. In a 2020 publication by the Rutgers Youth Sports Research Council, sports psychologists stressed the importance of distinguishing between deliberate practice  (which is highly structured, purposeful, and cognitively demanding) and deliberate play  (child-centered, inherently motivating, and flexible). While some deliberate practice is beneficial, overwhelming a child with it can accelerate burnout. Reclaiming the “Play” in Sports A significant protective factor against burnout is simple: fun . When kids have opportunities for unstructured play and can experiment without fear of failure, they develop intrinsic motivation. They play because they love it. The Aspen Institute’s Project Play initiative (2021) highlights the importance of fostering a love of the game through age-appropriate, playful training sessions. Strategies  for coaches to reclaim “play” in sports: Incorporate games that develop fundamental skills but remain fun and creative. Encourage spontaneous, small-sided matches where kids set their own rules and officiate themselves. Reward effort and improvement more than outcomes like goals scored or games won. Regularly solicit feedback from the kids about what they enjoy in practice. By emphasizing the joy of sport, coaches can extend children’s athletic longevity and reduce the risk of burnout. Lessons Learned (and Missed) from Free Play When children are given space for free play —unstructured, child-directed play—they learn to negotiate rules, handle conflict, experiment with boundaries, and develop creativity. This is not only essential for social skills but also fosters intrinsic motivation. However, the “More, Younger” model often supplants free play with regimented practices and adult-led drills. Missed Opportunities  in “More, Younger”: Reduced leadership skill development: In free play, kids organize themselves, decide teams, and solve conflicts—crucial leadership experiences that can be overshadowed by adult management. Lost autonomy: Children who are constantly under adult scrutiny may fear making mistakes, stifling creativity and risk-taking. Narrow peer groups: By specializing early and attending “elite” clubs, children might miss out on the diverse friendships that come from participating in multiple, varied activities, especially with their community peers. In effect, kids may develop an identity strongly tied to a single sport, leaving them vulnerable if they experience an injury, burn out, or simply lose interest. THE POST-PUBERTY-ADVANTAGE Neuromuscular Development One of the central points often overlooked by “More, Younger” advocates is that skill acquisition  and motor learning  are not linear processes tied solely to volume of repetition. Read that again. While there is some truth to the adage “practice makes perfect,” developmental timing is equally critical. Post-puberty, adolescents undergo significant changes in neuromuscular coordination, strength, and power output, making them more receptive to advanced skill training. According to a 2021 study in the Journal of Applied Sport Science  (Taylor & Collins, 2021), focusing on foundational motor skills (like agility, balance, coordination) during preadolescence sets a more robust base for specialization post-puberty. For instance, a 15-year-old who spent ages 7–13 sampling different sports, acquiring diverse motor patterns, might catch up or even surpass a peer who specialized in one sport since age 7 but did not broaden their overall athletic skillset. Late Bloomers vs. Early Bloomers The concept of late bloomers is highly relevant to discussions about “More, Younger.” Some children do not show significant athletic promise at age 10, but by 15 or 16, they have the size, strength, and motivation to excel. Early specialization may prematurely weed out these late bloomers who could otherwise become outstanding athletes if given time. Michigan State University’s Institute for the Study of Youth Sports has repeatedly highlighted that many professional athletes across different sports did not specialize until mid or late adolescence. This underscores the futility of making high-stakes decisions about a child’s athletic future in elementary school. Skill Acquisition and Motor Learning in Adolescence During adolescence, children can handle more complex cognitive and physical training. Their bodies are better equipped to endure specialized drills without as high a risk of growth plate injuries. Their brains are more adept at processing strategic concepts and handling stress. Thus, the investment in extensive, specialized training is often more efficient if it occurs in late-adolescence rather than early childhood. The Rutgers Youth Sports Research Council (2020) maintains that a key to harnessing the post-puberty advantage is periodization —structuring training to align with growth phases, ensuring that the largest skill leaps occur when kids can derive the greatest benefit. Sounds a lot like Long Term Athlete Development ( LTAD )… THE ROLE OF PARENTS AND COACHES Parent-Coach Communication Parents play a pivotal role in setting the environment for youth sports. They are the gatekeepers of a child’s schedule, finances, and emotional support. However, parents sometimes lack the expertise to evaluate whether a coach’s methodology is developmentally appropriate. Open communication between parents and coaches can mitigate misunderstandings and ensure the child’s best interests are prioritized. Effective practices  for parent-coach communication: Regular Check-Ins:  Encourage meetings or brief chats every quarter or season to discuss the child’s progress, enjoyment level, and any concerns about overuse or burnout. Clear Expectations:  Coaches should clearly lay out their philosophy, training volume, and competitive expectations before the season begins. Appropriate Boundaries:  Parents should trust coaches to handle technical matters while coaches must respect parental input regarding the child’s well-being. Setting Age-Appropriate Goals Children’s goals in sports should revolve around fun, skill-building, and social development. Ambitions like “winning a national tournament” or “getting a college scholarship” are more appropriate for older adolescents who express their own desire to compete at a higher level. Parents and coaches must  modulate their expectations to match the child’s age and interest level. Importance of Coach Education and Certification One major culprit in the “More, Younger” phenomenon is the fact that many youth coaches are volunteers or well-meaning individuals without formal training in kinesiology, child development, or sports psychology. In some sports, it’s not uncommon for a parent to step into a coaching role simply because no one else volunteered. Solutions : Certification Programs:  Mandate coaching certification through organizations like the National Alliance for Youth Sports (NAYS) or specialized programs at universities. Ongoing Professional Development:  Provide continuing education workshops on new research around youth training loads, motivational techniques, and injury prevention. Mentor Programs:  Pair less experienced coaches with more seasoned, certified coaches who can provide guidance and feedback. When coaches are equipped with the right knowledge, they can minimize the risk of fostering an overly competitive or damaging environment for children. BEST PRACTICES FOR YOUTH SPORTS PROGRAMS Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) Models The Long-Term Athlete Development model ( LTAD ) proposes age- and stage-specific benchmarks that guide coaches on what to prioritize in training (Balyi & Hamilton, 2020). The stages typically look like this: Active Start (0–6 years):  Emphasize basic movement skills and unstructured play – 99% development, 1% winning. FUNdamentals (7–9 years):  Introduce fundamental movement skills, ensure it’s fun and inclusive – 90% development, 10% winning. Learning to Train (10–12 years):  Develop general sports skills, continue a multisport approach – 65% development, 35% winning. Training to Train (13–16 years):  Focus on advanced motor skills, aerobic capacity, and strength, aligning with puberty onset – 55% development, 45% winning. Training to Compete (17–18 years):  Specialization, high-intensity practices, and strategy become key – 5% development, 95% winning. Training to Win (18+ years):  Elite-level competition - win. Active for Life (any age):  Enjoy sports recreationally – play as much as your old joints can handle. Following LTAD principles helps mitigate injuries and burnout, recognizing that children will benefit from broad skill development and that high-intensity, specialized training is better suited for mid to late adolescence. Multisport Participation Mounting evidence suggests that multisport participation  fosters better athletic development than early specialization (Taylor & Collins, 2021). Children who play multiple sports develop a broader range of motor skills, reducing the risk of overuse injuries and mental fatigue from focusing on just one sport. Notably, many professional athletes—such as Olympic sprinters, NFL players, and NBA standouts—dabbled in multiple sports during their youth. Safe Sport Policies and Guidelines An increasing number of governing bodies, including the NCAA and USA Baseball, have introduced guidelines for youth coaches. For instance, USA Baseball ( MLB Pitch Smart ) has pitch count and rest day mandates to protect young pitchers’ arms. Safe Sport  policies also address broader safety measures, including concussion protocols and the prevention of physical or emotional abuse. Youth sports organizations should adopt these guidelines and ensure accountability. That means tracking pitch counts, monitoring training loads, and having a zero-tolerance policy for abusive coaching behaviors - making the well-being of young athletes a priority is crucial for sustainable success. Policy and Organizational Recommendations National Governing Bodies and Mandates National governing bodies (NGBs) like USA Soccer, USA Basketball, and USA Baseball can play a pivotal role in setting standards for youth sports. Aspen Institute’s Project Play (2021) has highlighted the need for NGBs to coordinate on best practices, advocating a cross-sport approach so that guidelines are consistent, no matter what sport a child plays. These could include: Certified Coaches Only:  Mandate a minimum level of training or certification for all coaches at competitive levels. Age-Based Practice Limits:  Restrict the number of formal practices and competitions per week for younger athletes. Certified Coaches Only:  Mandate a minimum level of training or certification for all coaches at competitive levels. Transparent Pathways:  Outline clear pathways of progression that emphasize skill development and fun over immediate competition results. Certified Coaches Only:  Mandate a minimum level of training or certification for all coaches at competitive levels. Community-Based Initiatives and Access Access to quality youth sports is another critical piece of the puzzle. If sports programs focus exclusively on competition and traveling teams, children from lower-income families, those not yet physically developed, or those in underserved areas may be left behind. This can perpetuate inequities, as sports participation becomes increasingly pay-to-play, and can exclude smaller and lesser-skilled prepubescent athletes. Proposed solutions : Community Grants and Scholarships:  Funding for local clubs or schools to provide free or reduced-cost programs. Facility Sharing:  Partnerships between schools, parks, and private clubs to open facilities for broad community use. Volunteer Training:  Creating a pool of volunteers trained in basic coaching principles to expand the capacity of community-based programs. By making sports more accessible and less commercialized, we can curtail some of the negative incentives that drive a “More, Younger” approach. Public School Programs and Partnerships Public schools can bolster youth sports by collaborating with local clubs and community organizations and can play a vital role in supporting community youth sports programs by leveraging their institutional expertise, resources, and commitment to holistic child development. As hubs of education-based athletics , schools house certified educators, who have a deeper understanding of age-appropriate education and child and adolescent development stages. By collaborating with local clubs and community organizations, schools can share this knowledge and reinforce best practices, ensuring that young athletes receive well-rounded support and guidance. One way schools can facilitate this collaboration is by using Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) principles into their physical education curriculum. Instead of narrowing children’s focus onto a single sport, an LTAD framework prioritizes the development of fundamental movement skills—agility, balance, coordination, speed, and strength—through a variety of activities. As children progress through primary and secondary school, they are exposed to diverse sports and receive the appropriate level of physical challenge based on their developmental stage. By promoting LTAD within the school day, educators help establish a foundation of physical literacy that community clubs and youth programs can then build upon after school or on weekends. As the professionals most qualified to cultivate young athletes—namely our physical education teachers—routinely introduce multiple sports in their curricula, one has to question why individuals lacking that expertise would still insist on early, single-sport specialization. Additionally, school staff such as teachers, guidance counselors, and athletic trainers often have closer, daily contact with students than volunteer youth coaches do. This position makes schools the frontline for spotting red flags related to burnout, overuse injuries, or mental health concerns. For instance, if a student who once enjoyed physical activities becomes withdrawn, complains of chronic pain, or shows declining academic performance, these could be signs of overtraining or psychological stress stemming from an intense sports schedule. Teachers and athletic trainers are trained to interpret these warning signals, communicate with parents, and recommend adjustments—whether it’s decreased training volume, diversified physical activities, or simply more rest. Schools can also organize training workshops or professional development sessions that invite community youth coaches to learn about age-appropriate coaching strategies, injury prevention, concussion protocols, and constructive motivational methods. These sessions can be led by certified school coaches, athletic directors, or health professionals who specialize in adolescent development. Establishing such shared learning experiences encourages alignment between school programs and local clubs, reduces the dissemination of conflicting information, and cultivates a stronger, more unified support network for young athletes. Overall, a school’s dedication to education-based athletics, set through actions by the athletic department, can profoundly influence the culture of youth sports within its community. By modeling an environment that values fun, skill-building, and healthy competition, schools provide an example that local programs can adopt. This partnership promotes athletic environments where children can safely explore multiple sports, learn essential life lessons, and develop a positive relationship with physical activity that extends far beyond graduation. Coach’s Final Thoughts The “More, Younger” approach to youth sports has gained momentum in recent decades, fueled by cultural myths about early specialization and a gold-rush mentality regarding future scholarships or professional success. Yet mounting evidence from the Aspen Institute’s  Project Play, Michigan State University’s Institute for the Study of Youth Sports , the Rutgers Youth Sports Research Council , and others underscores the dangers of forcing children into adult-like training regimes far too early. Research consistently shows that kids learn more effectively and more sustainably post-puberty, when their neuromuscular system and cognitive capacities align for enhanced skill acquisition.  Physical activity and fundamental movement skills are essential throughout childhood. The key is ensuring that sports experiences are developmentally appropriate—emphasizing play, variety, and gradual skill progression rather than a relentless drive to compete. Parents and coaches wield significant influence over these outcomes. With the right education, training, and collaboration, they can create a youth sports environment where children are protected from excessive physical and psychological strain. National governing bodies and community-based programs likewise carry a responsibility to set guidelines and foster evidence-based approaches. Ultimately, the goal is not to stifle athletic achievement but to cultivate it in a way that respects the natural trajectory of child development. By pushing children to do “more, younger,” we risk undermining the very foundation of their future athletic potential. By letting them learn and grow in harmony with their developmental stages, we pave the way for healthier, happier athletes who will carry a lifelong love for sports. In this sense, the best results—on and off the field—are achieved not by forcing children to go beyond their capacities early on, but by guiding them toward excellence through patience, respect, and the joyful spirit of play.

Balancing Scheduling, Nutrition, and Performance The tradition of early morning practice is deeply ingrained in sports culture, often seen as a symbol of discipline and commitment. It also aids the coaches and families ‘the rest of the day’ to handle other business. However, as our understanding of nutrition, sleep, and athlete health has evolved, it’s worth reconsidering this practice. Early start times frequently result in athletes arriving underprepared, with inadequate nutrition and hydration. This article delves into the complex interplay of practice scheduling, nutrition, and athlete performance, offering research-backed insights and practical recommendations for coaches. The Role of Nutrition in Athletic Success Athletic performance is intricately tied to nutrition. The food athletes consume directly impacts their energy levels, recovery, and ability to perform. Early practices disrupt typical meal timing, often leading to skipped breakfasts and insufficient caloric intake. Beyond the direct negative implications of athletes skipping breakfast to get to the early practice, think of the lesson that athlete is learning - 'I guess I don't really need to eat a breakfast before I start my day.' That ain't right! Let's dive in. 1. Energy Systems and Nutrition Carbohydrates are the primary fuel source for high-intensity exercises, with glycogen stores in the muscles and liver being crucial for sustained performance. Proteins, on the other hand, are essential for recovery, aiding in muscle repair and adaptation. A lack of pre-practice nutrition fails to replenish depleted glycogen stores, leaving athletes fatigued and more prone to injury. 2. Hydration and Performance Dehydration affects physical and mental performance, even with as little as a 2% loss in body weight through sweat. Early morning practices often leave athletes insufficiently hydrated, exacerbating fatigue and reducing endurance. 3. Micronutrient Needs Vitamins and minerals play a supportive role in energy metabolism and recovery. Calcium, magnesium, and iron, for instance, are vital for muscle function and oxygen delivery. Athletes missing meals before practice may lack these critical nutrients. Find more on nutrition here . Find more on hydration here . Supporting Research A position stand from the American College of Sports Medicine emphasizes the importance of carbohydrate-rich meals 1-4 hours before exercise to optimize glycogen levels. ( Thomas et al., 2016 ) Studies highlight that protein intake post-exercise enhances muscle repair and growth, particularly when consumed within 2 hours. ( Jäger et al., 2017 ) Hydration studies reveal that dehydration impairs endurance, cognitive function, and recovery. ( Shirreffs, 2010 ) The Sleep Factor: Essential for Recovery and Performance Sleep is as critical as nutrition for athletes, particularly adolescents. It influences not only recovery and physical readiness but also cognitive performance and mood. 1. Adolescent Sleep Needs Teenagers require 8–10 hours of sleep per night, but early practices often cut into these hours. Chronic sleep deprivation affects growth, memory consolidation, and immune function, reducing athletes’ ability to perform and recover. 2. Biological Rhythms The adolescent body’s natural circadian rhythm leans toward later wake times. Practices scheduled at dawn force athletes to operate counter to their biological clocks, negatively impacting performance. 3. Sleep and Injury Prevention A study published in The Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics  found that athletes who slept less than 8 hours per night were 1.7 times more likely to sustain injuries. This underscores the need for proper rest to ensure safety and peak performance. Find more on sleep, here . The Case for Later Practice Times Scheduling practices later in the morning—particularly on weekends—can mitigate the negative effects of early starts. Here’s why this adjustment matters: 1. Improved Nutritional Intake A later start time gives athletes the opportunity to eat a balanced breakfast. Options such as oatmeal, smoothies, or eggs with whole-grain toast provide the carbohydrates and proteins needed for energy during exercise and primes the athlete for optimal recovery afterwards. 2. Enhanced Mental and Physical Engagement Athletes arriving to practice well-rested and properly fueled are more focused, reducing errors, and maximizing productivity in drills and scrimmages…and decreases likelihood of injury. 3. Alignment with Long-Term Athlete Development The Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD)  model emphasizes prioritizing athlete health and growth over short-term gains. Later practices align with this philosophy, supporting holistic development. Supporting Research A meta-analysis in Sleep Medicine Reviews  indicates that later start times (9:00 or later) improve sleep duration and athletic performance. ( Wheaton et al., 2016 ) Nutrition timing studies show enhanced performance when meals are consumed 1-3 hours pre-exercise. ( Thomas et al., 2016 ) Strategies for Coaches Coaches can implement several practical strategies to support athletes’ nutritional and sleep needs while maintaining effective practice schedules: 1. Adjusting Practice Times Shift Saturday practices to start no earlier than 9 a.m., allowing athletes more time to eat and hydrate. 2. Promoting Quick, Nutritious Meals Encourage athletes to consume simple, nutrient-dense meals before practice: Smoothies: Combine fruits, yogurt, protein powder, and a liquid base for a quick, digestible option. Oatmeal: Add fruits, seeds (chia and flaxseed are great), or nuts for additional energy. Eggs and Toast:  A classic, easy-to-prepare option with balanced macros . 3. Educating Families A coach can educate parents and athletes on the importance of sports nutrition and sleep by hosting informational sessions or workshops that emphasize how these factors directly impact athletic performance, recovery, and overall well-being. During these sessions, coaches can use relatable examples, such as comparing an athlete’s body to a car that requires the right fuel (nutrition) and regular maintenance (sleep) to function optimally. Providing practical tips, such as meal planning ideas, pre- and post-practice snack suggestions, and strategies for developing consistent sleep routines, can empower families to take action. Additionally, sharing easy-to-understand research or visuals, like performance statistics linked to proper nutrition and rest, helps reinforce the message. By fostering open communication and creating a supportive environment, coaches can build a team culture that values healthy habits both on and off the field. Family involvement ensures consistent support for athletes. 4. Encouraging Hydration Provide water stations and educate athletes on drinking water the night before and upon waking. During practices, contests, and conversations with athletes, ensure to consistently mention the importance of drinking water. The phrase ‘hydration for domination’ seems to resonate with athletes at all levels. 5. Monitoring Sleep Patterns Use team check-ins or surveys to track athletes’ sleep habits, emphasizing the importance of rest for peak performance. The Outcomes of Change Adjusting practice schedules and prioritizing nutrition yields measurable benefits: Physical Performance:  Higher energy levels, improved endurance, and quicker recovery times. Cognitive Engagement:  Enhanced focus, reduced errors, and better decision-making during drills. Injury Prevention:  Reduced fatigue-related incidents and faster recovery from exertion. Conclusion The tradition of early morning practices is worth reevaluating in light of modern insights into nutrition, sleep, and athlete development. Coaches have the unique opportunity to foster healthier, more productive environments by scheduling later practices and emphasizing proper nutrition. These changes not only enhance performance but also contribute to the long-term success and well-being of the athletes. By rethinking early morning practices, we can align our training approaches with the ultimate goal of athlete empowerment—on and off the field. Resources Hirshkowitz, M., et al. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Health , 1(1), 40-43. Jäger, R., et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition , 14(1), 20. Shirreffs, S. M. (2010). Hydration in sport and exercise: Water, sports drinks, and other drinks. Nutrition Bulletin , 35(4), 374-381. Thomas, D. T., et al. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics , 116(3), 501-528. Wheaton, A. G., et al. (2016). School start times for middle school and high school students — United States, 2011–12 school year. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 64(30), 809-813. Milewski, M. D., et al. (2014). Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes. The Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics , 34(2), 129-133.

In the world of high school athletics, varsity sports often serve as the culmination of years of training, sacrifice, and dedication. From early youth leagues to junior varsity (JV) and travel programs like AAU basketball, every level is ultimately geared toward preparing athletes for one goal: varsity competition. While it’s easy to view each stage as a separate entity with its own milestones and victories, the truth is that these developmental phases are interconnected steppingstones. Whether you're a coach, player, or parent, it's crucial to recognize that everything leading up to varsity competition should be considered part of a grand design to build stronger, smarter, and more competitive athletes. In this article, we'll explore how youth sports, junior high programs, freshman teams, JV squads, and even travel/select/club/AAU leagues are all part of a larger system designed to produce high-performing high school varsity athletes. We'll also look at the important roles coaches, parents, and players have in this process and why a long-term vision is key to athletic success. See more on the Long Term Athlete Development Plan in the resources below. The Pyramid of Athletic Development: Youth Sports as the Foundation Youth sports provide the initial building blocks for athletic skills, teamwork, and understanding the game. It's at this level that young athletes first learn the importance of discipline, practice, and cooperation. For most parents and young athletes, the primary focus at this stage is enjoyment and fostering a love for the game. However, the seeds for future success in varsity sports are planted early. Kids who are introduced to fundamentals, proper technique, and good sportsmanship in their early years have a far better chance of flourishing in later, more competitive stages. There is NO NEED for 8U travel/select/AAU teams. Earlier and more is not better at this level. Coaches at the youth level play a vital role in this development. Their job isn’t just to teach the mechanics of the game, but also to instill values such as perseverance, teamwork, and resilience—qualities that are essential for varsity athletes. And they sure ensure the sport is FUN! It’s important for coaches and parents to maintain perspective: while winning is certainly nice, the ultimate goal is to prepare these athletes for what’s to come in middle school, high school, and beyond. As famed sports psychologist Dr. Jim Taylor suggests, youth sports should focus on "building a foundation of physical, mental, and emotional skills." He argues that early specialization and the 'professionalization' (putting winning over fun and development) of youth sports can often harm an athlete's long-term potential, underscoring the need for a more holistic approach at the youth level. Junior High and Freshman Sports: Sharpening Skills and Developing Game IQ As athletes move into junior high and freshman sports, the focus shifts from purely learning the game to refining skills and developing a deeper understanding of strategy and game dynamics. At this stage, athletes should still be encouraged to experiment with different positions, styles of play, and even different sports. Multisport athletes often develop a broader skill set and are less likely to experience burnout or overuse injuries , which are common in young athletes who specialize too early. One thing to emphasize is the role of freshman and junior high sports as a preparatory phase for high school athletics, particularly varsity sports. Coaches and parents should encourage athletes to focus on development rather than immediate success. For instance, a freshman basketball player might not make the varsity squad their first year, but the experience gained during their freshman season is invaluable in preparing them for that higher level of competition in the future. Moreover, this is a critical period for developing what is often called "game IQ"—the ability to read plays, understand complex game strategies, and make split-second decisions on the court or field. According to the Positive Coaching Alliance, building game intelligence is key to long-term success, as it often separates good athletes from great ones. Junior high and freshman teams are an ideal environment to cultivate this intelligence, as the pressure to win is typically lower, and athletes have more freedom to make mistakes and learn from them. Parents and coaches - it's better to focus on athlete development at the expense of winning a junior high contest. The Critical Role of Junior High Sports in Shaping High School Athletes In the world of competitive athletics, we often look to high school sports as the proving ground for future athletes. However, the foundation of a successful high school sports program is laid long before athletes step onto a varsity field. Junior high or middle school sports play an undeniably crucial role in shaping the athletes who will one day compete at the high school level. While it's easy for coaches to get caught up in the thrill of winning, the true value of junior high sports lies in the development of the athlete, both physically and mentally. When the emphasis is placed on growth rather than immediate success, athletes are far more likely to excel when they reach the high school varsity stage. Here's a fantastic quote from a 30-year varsity basketball coach regarding the importance if junior high development: "Some of the most important coaches in my program are my middle school coaches. It's what I think about every year." Development vs. Winning: The Long-Term View There is no denying that competitive success feels great for both coaches and athletes. But in the context of junior high sports, this short-term gratification should never overshadow long-term athlete development. The junior high years are a critical time for athletes to learn essential skills, develop their bodies, and understand the mental aspects of competition. Coaches who prioritize winning at the expense of development often miss the bigger picture—preparing athletes for success at the high school level and beyond. This emphasis on winning can lead to early specialization, burnout, and even injury, as young athletes are pushed to compete at levels that are beyond their physical maturity and cognitive development level. On the other hand, coaches who focus on skill development, team play, and fostering a love for the game provide athletes with the tools they need to succeed in the long run. According to Dr. Amanda Stanec, a renowned expert in physical education and youth sports, “Early sports specialization often leads to overuse injuries and burnout. Coaches who promote multi-sport participation and developmentally appropriate training ensure their athletes stay healthy and engaged long term” (Stanec, 2021). Building a Foundation of Skills Junior high sports should be about building a foundation of skills that athletes can build upon as they move through their sports careers. This includes not only the physical skills required for a specific sport but also the mental resilience, teamwork, and leadership abilities that are so critical at the varsity level. When coaches focus on skill development rather than winning, they create an environment where athletes feel safe to make mistakes and learn from them. This is key in helping athletes develop the confidence and mental toughness they will need to succeed in high-pressure varsity games. High school varsity coaches often cite mental resilience as one of the most important traits an athlete can possess. Athletes who have been nurtured in a developmental environment during their junior high years are much more likely to arrive at the high school level prepared to handle the challenges of varsity competition. Junior Varsity: The Final Preparatory Stage By the time athletes reach the JV level, the transition toward varsity competition is well underway. JV sports serve as the last crucial phase where athletes refine their skills, improve their athletic conditioning, and learn the intricacies of varsity-level play. At this stage, athletes are not only honing their physical abilities but also mastering the mental and emotional aspects of competition. Here, the emphasis shifts more explicitly to preparing athletes for varsity roles. Coaches at the JV level must strike a delicate balance between winning games and preparing players for the varsity level. It’s tempting to prioritize victory, especially in competitive districts or leagues, but the true measure of a successful JV program is how well it prepares athletes for the varsity stage. That includes teaching players how to handle pressure, overcome adversity, and adopt a team-first mentality. As noted in research conducted by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), high school sports are a critical period in adolescent development, and JV teams provide the structured environment where athletes can learn how to handle both the physical and emotional demands of high-level competition. Travel Sports and AAU Basketball: Enhancing Skills Outside of School Programs In addition to school-based sports, travel leagues like AAU basketball and club teams for sports like baseball, volleyball, and soccer offer athletes opportunities to compete at a higher level and often against teams with rosters full of more talented opponents. While these leagues are sometimes seen as separate from the high school sports system, they actually play a critical role in preparing athletes for varsity competition. See more on the relationship between school sports and these external leagues in this article - Positive and Negative Effects of AAU Basketball . One key advantage of travel sports is the level of competition. Athletes who participate in these leagues often face stiffer competition than they might in their local high school conferences. This exposes them to different styles of play, a higher level of skill, and faster game speeds—valuable experiences that they can bring back to their high school teams. However, it’s important to view these opportunities as complementary to high school sports, not replacements for them. The ultimate goal of travel sports should be to enhance an athlete's skills so they can excel at the varsity level. Coaches and parents need to work together to ensure that athletes are not overextending themselves by trying to juggle multiple commitments. Burnout and injury are real risks when athletes are pushed too hard in too many directions, particularly during their formative years. Furthermore, AAU and travel leagues can sometimes place too much emphasis on individual success at the expense of team development. High school sports, particularly at the varsity level, rely heavily on teamwork and cohesion. Athletes who spend too much time in individual-focused environments may struggle to adjust to the team-first mentality that is critical for varsity success. The Payoff at the Varsity Level The benefits of a developmental approach in junior high sports are evident when athletes reach the varsity level. Athletes who have been well-coached in the fundamentals, who understand the importance of team play, and who have been given the opportunity to develop at their own pace are far more likely to contribute meaningfully to their high school teams. Not only do they have a better grasp of the technical aspects of their sport, but they are also more resilient and mentally prepared for the pressures that come with varsity competition. An athlete who has been encouraged to play multiple sports, learn various positions, and develop a diverse skill set is much more adaptable. According to a study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , “Athletes who played multiple sports during adolescence were more likely to achieve success at the high school and collegiate levels due to their diverse skill sets and reduced risk of burnout and overuse injuries” (Jayanthi et al., 2022). This adaptability is key in high school sports, where athletes are often asked to fill multiple roles or make quick adjustments based on team needs. The Role of Coaches: Building for the Long-Term Coaches are at the heart of this entire developmental system, and their role evolves as athletes move through the various stages of their athletic careers. At the youth level, coaches are teachers who focus on FUN damentals. In junior high and freshman sports, they are strategists, introducing athletes to more complex game dynamics. At the JV level, they are both motivators and tacticians, preparing athletes for the physical and mental rigors of varsity competition. For varsity coaches, the challenge is to mold a group of individual athletes into a cohesive, high-performing team. This is where all the lessons learned in youth sports, junior high, and JV come together. The varsity coach must be a master at blending talent with teamwork, as well as managing the egos and expectations of athletes who have often been stars at lower levels of competition. Coaches must also be educators, helping athletes navigate the complexities of balancing academics, athletics, and social lives. The pressures of varsity sports can be overwhelming, and athletes who aren’t mentally and emotionally prepared are at risk of burnout. Varsity coaches should work closely with their counterparts at the JV, freshman, and Junior High levels to ensure that athletes are not just physically prepared for the demands of varsity sports, but mentally and emotionally ready as well. The Role of Parents: Supporting the Journey, Not the Destination Parents play an equally critical role in this developmental journey. From the earliest days of youth sports, parents should be focused on long-term development rather than short-term victories. This means encouraging children to play multiple sports, supporting them through both victories and defeats, and keeping the ultimate goal—varsity success—in mind. As athletes move through junior high, freshman, and JV sports, parents should maintain a focus on development rather than immediate success. It can be tempting to push for playing time or to advocate for varsity spots before an athlete is truly ready, but this can be detrimental in the long run. Trusting the coaching staff to make decisions in the best interest of the athlete and the team is crucial. Moreover, parents need to be aware of the risks of burnout and overuse injuries, particularly if their child is involved in travel or AAU sports. Balancing high school sports with outside leagues is a delicate act, and parents should work closely with coaches to ensure that their child is not overextended. An athlete SHOULD NOT participate in two sports during the same season. For example: a high school basketball players SHOULD NOT participate in club volleyball during basketball season. It drastically increases the athlete's risk of injury due to overuse and lack of appropriate rest and recovery. It also extends their time away from academic studies, and often over-stresses the athlete physically and mentally. And there will likely be times where the athlete is required to miss an event for one of the teams to attend an event for the other team. What message does this send to the rest of the team? Coach’s Final Thoughts: Varsity at Your School is the Ultimate Goal High school varsity sports represent the pinnacle of a young athlete’s development, but getting there is a long and challenging journey. From youth sports to JV competition, every stage plays a crucial role in preparing athletes for the rigors of varsity play. Coaches, parents, and athletes themselves must recognize that each phase is part of a larger process designed to build not just talented athletes, but well-rounded individuals who can handle the pressures and demands of high-level competition. By maintaining a long-term vision and focusing on development rather than immediate success, athletes are far more likely to achieve their goals and thrive in the competitive world of high school varsity sports. Ultimately, the role of junior high sports is to serve as a bridge between youth leagues and high school athletics. When coaches prioritize development over immediate success, they provide athletes with the tools they need to thrive not just at the varsity level, but throughout their entire athletic careers. By focusing on the long-term growth of the athlete—physically, mentally, and emotionally—junior high sports become a launching pad for future success. Parents, coaches, and school administrators must work together to create a culture where development is valued over winning at all costs. By doing so, we ensure that athletes arrive at the varsity level ready to take on the challenges ahead, with a strong foundation of skills, resilience, and a love for their sport that will carry them through high school and beyond.   References Dr. Jim Taylor, The Role of Youth Sports in Building the Complete Athlete Positive Coaching Alliance, Building Game Intelligence: Why It's Critical for Long-Term Athletic Success National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), The Role of High School Sports in Adolescent Development Stanec, A. (2021). Youth Sports: How to Foster Lifelong Athletes.  [Journal of Physical Education]. Jayanthi, N., Dugas, L. R., LaBella, C., & Pasulka, J. (2022). "Sport Specialization in Young Athletes: Evidence-Based Recommendations." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research . Human Kinetics https://humankinetics.me/2019/04/12/ltad-model/ Sport for Life https://sportforlife.ca/long-term-development/ National Strength and Conditioning Association https://www.nsca.com/education/articles/practical-application-for-long-term-athletic-development/?srsltid=AfmBOorSp7oOWSIt_npfDq3ZVGAyhN69mU4Juu3UWc66Hcgqaie-72KX Better Coaching Long Term Athlete Development https://www.betteryouthcoaching.com/ltad

Football has long been a staple in American sports culture, inspiring passion, teamwork, and perseverance. But as much as we revere the game, it’s important to recognize that sports research and medical developments are changing the game. Regardless of how you feel, there are changes made in sports nearly every year to either make the contests safer or better in some way. Change is life – get with it or get left behind. One such change that we’ll reference today - tackle football for children under the age of 12-14 presents significant risks, particularly concerning brain health and overall enjoyment of the sport. For children in this age range, flag football is not only a safer alternative but also a highly effective developmental tool that prepares them for tackle football once they are physically and mentally ready. This is where youth coaches insert, “They have to play tackle football, or they’ll be weak” or “It was how I grew up playing football so it’s how kids today should do it, too.” This article delves into the reasons why young athletes should avoid tackle football until at least middle school, focusing on head trauma risks, coaching competency, and the benefits of flag football as a foundational experience. For those concerned about the future of the sport, fear not: delaying tackle football until middle school will give athletes plenty of time to learn the necessary skills before reaching the high school varsity level. The Dominance of the MAC In Ohio, the Midwest Athletic Conference (MAC) has long been a cornerstone of high school football dominance in the state and has made significant contributions to the state’s storied legacy of football. From state titles to regional crowns and deep playoff runs, the MAC’s football history is decorated with success, cementing their status as one of Ohio’s premier high school football programs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Athletic_Conference Teams from the MAC have earned 8 Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) state championships since 1985. These titles span several decades, highlighting their consistent ability to compete at the highest-level year after year. Teams earned state championship trophy in 1985, 1992, 1996, 2001, 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2018 . In addition to the state championships from the MAC, teams have secured an astounding 15 regional titles . The conference’s regional titles came in the years 1985, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2018, and 2022 . And…shocker…only 2 teams (neither of which attributed to any of the regional or state titles) have youth tackle football.
So tell us now, coach, is it really necessary for young kids to play tackle football?   The Risks of Subconcussive Trauma in Youth Tackle Football In recent years, scientific studies have shed light on the dangers associated with head impacts in football, not just from concussions, but from what is known as subconcussive trauma . Subconcussive hits are repetitive blows to the head that don’t result in immediate, noticeable concussion symptoms but accumulate over time, leading to long-term brain health issues. Children under 12-14 are particularly vulnerable to these hits because their brains are still developing. A child’s brain is more susceptible to injury from the same force of impact compared to an adult’s brain. The sheer volume of head impacts in tackle football—ranging from routine collisions on the line of scrimmage to full-speed tackles—presents a substantial risk of brain injury that can manifest later in life as cognitive decline, depression, or other neurological issues. A study conducted by researchers at Boston University found that children who began tackle football before the age of 12 were more likely to have impaired cognitive abilities and behavioral problems in adulthood than those who started playing after that age. This is especially alarming because the effects of subconcussive trauma are cumulative—the more hits a child sustains, the greater the risk of later-life brain issues. Higher Propensity for Concussions Down the Road While subconcussive hits are concerning, concussions themselves are also a serious issue in youth tackle football. The link between early exposure to repetitive head impacts and a higher propensity for concussions later in life is well-documented. When young children play tackle football, they are not just at risk for immediate concussions; they may also become more prone to head injuries as they grow older. The more head trauma a child endures at an early age, the greater their likelihood of sustaining concussions in the future. This is because repeated blows weaken the brain’s resilience and make it more susceptible to future injury. Coaches, parents, youth sports coordinators, and athletic directors alike should take this research seriously and consider whether it’s worth the risk to expose young athletes to such dangers before they are physically mature enough to withstand them.
Research: Subconcussive changes in youth football players HealthTech Connex YouTube video (explains the research in the above study) Subconcussive changes in youth football players (pdf of the study) National Library of Medicine Comparing Head Impacts in Youth Tackle and Flag Football CDC Image from cdc.gov/headsup The Problem of Unqualified Youth Coaches Another major concern with youth tackle football is the quality of coaching. Many youth coaches get involved in football simply because they played the sport in high school or college, assuming their experience as players qualifies them to coach young children. Unfortunately, the reality is quite different. If you’re a youth coach relying on your personal experience to coach young athletes, and have not sought-out education regarding up-to-date football teaching and coaching education, you’re not doing enough.   Most youth football coaches are not adequately trained in child development, football pedagogy, or sports safety. They may know the basics of how to run plays, but they often lack an understanding of how to properly teach blocking and tackling techniques to young athletes, especially those who are just beginning to learn the sport. Worse yet, some of these coaches push children too hard, emphasizing winning over development and taking the fun out of the game. This environment can lead to burnout, disinterest, and a loss of passion for the sport, all while increasing the risk of injury due to improper technique. Education: NFHS Learn has a robust education platform and most of the courses are free USA Football flag and tackle football coaching certification CoachTube youth football coaching education "If you're relying on education alone, it's not enough. If you're relying on your experience alone, it's not enough. You owe it to your athletes to obtain both." In many cases, these coaches are unaware of the risks of subconcussive trauma and concussions, or they may dismiss them as part of the game. This lack of education and carelessness with player safety makes tackle football particularly dangerous for young athletes, who rely on adults to guide and protect them in a sport where physical contact is inherent. Flag Football: A Safer and More Inclusive Alternative Flag football offers a much safer and more inclusive alternative for children under the age of 12-14. It allows young athletes to experience the excitement and teamwork of football without the high-risk collisions and head impacts associated with tackle football. Importantly, flag football also provides a platform for all players—regardless of size or physical maturity—to actively participate and enjoy the game. Fun and Engagement for All : In flag football, every player gets a chance to be involved in the action. Kids can throw passes, catch passes, and even be the running back, offering more inclusive gameplay than tackle football, where positions are often specialized early on. The focus is on skill development and enjoyment, which helps young athletes build a love for the sport. Focus on Footwork and Agility : Flag football places a premium on agility, quick footwork, and overall athleticism. Without the need for blocking and tackling, players spend more time working on speed, coordination, and the fundamentals of movement. This not only makes them better all-around athletes but also gives them a solid foundation for when they eventually transition to tackle football. Smaller teams means more repetitions in flag football and more opportunities to learn how to move efficiently on the field, which will benefit athletes in the long term. Learning Football Concepts : Flag football is an excellent way for young athletes to learn the basics of football—strategy, play-calling, teamwork—without the physical risks of tackle football. Concepts like route-running, defensive positioning, and play execution can all be taught and practiced in flag football, giving young athletes a deep understanding of the game’s intricacies before they begin tackling and blocking in middle school. A Safe Transition to Tackle Football : By the time kids reach middle school, they are typically more physically developed and mentally prepared to handle the demands of tackle football. They’ve already built a solid foundation in flag football, so when they begin learning the specific skills of blocking and tackling, they do so with a strong understanding of the game and better-developed athletic abilities. Middle school football provides a perfect window for learning the intricacies of physical contact in football, with plenty of time before reaching the high school varsity level. This approach also gives young athletes the chance to adjust to the demands of tackle football in a safer, more controlled environment, where the emphasis is still on skill development rather than winning. The Role of Middle School and High School Football One common argument against delaying tackle football until middle school is the concern that athletes will fall behind their peers if they don’t start playing earlier. However, this fear is unfounded. See information on the MAC above. Middle school football provides plenty of time for athletes to learn the technical skills of tackling and blocking, and by the time they reach the freshman or JV level in high school, they will be on par with their teammates regarding the fundamentals. USA Football's Football Development Model The goal at the middle school and freshman/JV levels should not be winning championships—it should be focused on skill development and athlete growth. By delaying the start of tackle football until middle school, coaches can ensure that players are physically and mentally prepared for the demands of the game while building on the solid foundation they developed in flag football. In this way, young athletes will be ready for the more competitive atmosphere of varsity football by the time they reach that level, without sacrificing their health or well-being along the way. Coach’s Final Thoughts While tackle football is an exciting and beloved sport, it poses serious risks to young children under the age of 12-14, particularly concerning head trauma and the quality of coaching they may receive. Flag football offers a safer, more inclusive alternative that allows young athletes to develop their skills, enjoy the game, and build a foundation for tackle football later in their athletic careers. By encouraging children to play flag football at younger ages, we are not only protecting their health but also fostering a love of the game that will last a lifetime. When young athletes are physically and mentally ready to transition to tackle football in middle school, they will be well-prepared to learn the intricacies of blocking, tackling, and other essential skills without the unnecessary risks that come with starting tackle football too early. In the long run, this approach will produce healthier, happier athletes who are equipped to succeed at the high school varsity level.

In today’s competitive sports environment, parents, coaches, and young athletes are increasingly pressured to focus on one sport from an early age. The belief is that early specialization will lead to college scholarships, professional contracts, and, ultimately, athletic success. However, research is beginning to reveal a different picture—one that suggests multi-sport participation might actually be more beneficial for young athletes in terms of long-term success, injury prevention, and overall well-being. This article explores the debate between early specialization and multi-sport participation, focusing on the effects on individual athletes and their schools, while underscoring the risks of overuse injuries and psychological burnout. Defining Early Specialization and Multi-Sport Participation Early specialization  refers to focusing on one sport from a young age, often to the exclusion of others, with near year-round training in that particular sport. Athletes who specialize early may commit significant time and effort to one sport in the hope of excelling in it and gaining the competitive edge needed to advance through various levels of play. In contrast, multi-sport participation  involves engaging in a variety of sports throughout the year, allowing athletes to experience different types of physical activities and training environments. This approach provides athletes with a broader range of motor skills and reduces the risk of overuse injuries by giving their bodies a break from the repetitive stress of one sport. The Physical and Mental Costs of Early Specialization Overuse Injuries One of the most prominent concerns surrounding early specialization is the high risk of overuse injuries. Young athletes who specialize in one sport are subject to the same movements, muscles, and joints being stressed repeatedly. This can lead to conditions such as tendinitis, stress fractures, and joint degeneration at an age when young bodies are still developing. According to the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, overuse injuries account for nearly 50% of all sports injuries in youth athletes , and early specialization is a major contributor to this trend. For example, baseball pitchers who play year-round are more likely to experience shoulder and elbow injuries due to the repetitive nature of throwing. Similarly, young gymnasts who train intensely from a young age often suffer from wrist, knee, and back injuries, which can sideline them or permanently affect their ability to perform at high levels. These injuries not only hinder athletic progress but can also derail a young athlete’s entire sports career. Furthermore, multi-sport athletes are less likely to experience these overuse injuries. By participating in different sports, athletes use a variety of muscles, engage in different types of movement patterns, and allow overworked muscles to recover during off-seasons. As a result, they maintain a higher level of overall physical health and are better able to perform consistently across different sports. Psychological Burnout Beyond the physical risks, early specialization can also contribute to psychological burnout —a state of chronic stress and exhaustion that leaves young athletes feeling mentally drained and disengaged from their sport. The pressure to perform at a high level in one sport, coupled with constant training and competition, can result in athletes losing their passion and enjoyment for the game. According to a study published in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , athletes who specialize early report higher levels of burnout, anxiety, and depression compared to their multi-sport counterparts . The joy of playing sports is often replaced by the constant pressure to succeed, leading to emotional exhaustion and sometimes even the decision to quit sports altogether. By contrast, multi-sport athletes often remain more motivated and engaged due to the variety and freshness that comes with playing multiple sports. They have the chance to develop a more balanced approach to athletics, where fun and development remain the central focus rather than pure performance. The Positive Effects of Multi-Sport Participation Skill Development and Versatility One of the key benefits of multi-sport participation is the development of a wide range of motor skills and athletic abilities. Different sports emphasize different movement patterns, and by participating in multiple sports, young athletes can develop a more well-rounded set of skills that benefit them across the board. For instance, a soccer player’s agility and footwork might improve from playing basketball, while a football player’s hand-eye coordination could be enhanced through playing baseball. These skills are transferable across sports and can actually enhance performance in the athlete's primary sport. A study by Dr. Neeru Jayanthi from Emory University found that 77% of professional athletes surveyed stated they played multiple sports as a kid , compared to only 23% of athletes who specialized in one sport from a young age. This suggests that the versatility gained from multi-sport participation can be a significant advantage in an athlete’s development and long-term success. Injury Prevention As mentioned earlier, multi-sport participation also reduces the risk of overuse injuries by promoting balanced muscle development and varied physical activity. By switching between different sports, athletes give overworked muscle groups a chance to rest while still staying active. In addition, multi-sport athletes often learn different movement techniques and strategies from their various sports, making them more adaptable and less prone to injury when they encounter challenging physical situations. For example, playing basketball during the winter may help develop lateral movement and agility, which can reduce the risk of knee and ankle injuries when switching to track and field in the spring. By diversifying the types of physical activities they engage in, multi-sport athletes are better equipped to avoid the repetitive strain that leads to long-term injuries. Impact on School and Team Dynamics When a talented athlete focuses solely on one sport, the school and its other athletic teams miss out on that athlete’s potential contributions. For instance, a school’s basketball team might suffer if a talented baseball player decides not to participate in basketball due to early specialization. This can have a ripple effect, not just for the individual teams but for the overall athletic culture at the school. Multi-sport athletes often bring leadership, competitive spirit, and diverse athletic experience to multiple teams. Their participation can raise the level of play, motivate other athletes, and foster a more unified athletic program. Schools that promote multi-sport participation often report greater student-athlete engagement, better team morale, and stronger relationships among student-athletes. This holistic approach to school sports can create a more inclusive and supportive environment, benefiting both the athletes and the overall school community. On the flip side, schools that encourage or tolerate early specialization often find that their athletes are more prone to injury, burnout, and reduced participation over time. While an athlete might excel in their specialized sport initially, the long-term costs to both the athlete and the school’s athletic programs often outweigh the short-term gains. Long-Term Athletic Success: The Case for Multi-Sport Participation The argument for early specialization is often centered on the idea that the earlier an athlete starts focusing on one sport, the better they will become. However, recent research paints a different picture. Many of the world’s top athletes, including LeBron James, Abby Wambach, and Patrick Mahomes , were multi-sport athletes as children. Their experiences in different sports helped them develop the versatility, physical resilience, and mental toughness that contributed to their eventual success in their primary sport. See the links below for more information on the Long Term Athlete Development Model Long Term Athlete Development - LTAD Canada LTAD - Human Kinetics LTAD from the NSCA According to a study published in the Journal of Sports Sciences , athletes who participate in multiple sports as youths are more likely to maintain long-term success in their chosen sport , largely due to their broad skill set, adaptability, and reduced injury risk. These athletes often avoid the plateau that can come with early specialization, where physical and mental exhaustion prevent further improvement. Moreover, multi-sport athletes are often better equipped to handle the pressure and challenges of high-level competition. The varied experiences they gain from competing in different sports help them develop mental fortitude, teamwork skills, and the ability to adapt to different competitive environments. This versatility and adaptability are key traits for success at the college and professional levels. Coach Sullivan’s Final Thoughts The debate between early specialization and multi-sport participation is one of the most important conversations happening in youth sports today. While the allure of early specialization is understandable, particularly in a poor sports culture that emphasizes winning at young ages, the research overwhelmingly supports the benefits of multi-sport participation for long-term athletic success, injury prevention, and psychological well-being. For young athletes, parents, and coaches, the best approach is to embrace a more rounded and balanced development path. Encouraging multi-sport participation allows young athletes to build a diverse skill set, reduce the risk of overuse injuries, and maintain a passion for sports over the long term. Not only will this approach lead to healthier and happier athletes, but it will also result in better team dynamics, school spirit, and overall athletic success. Athletes, particularly at the high school level and below, should be encouraged to explore different sports and resist the pressure to specialize too early. By doing so, they can enjoy a more fulfilling and successful athletic journey, one that prioritizes long-term growth over short-term gains. Citations: Jayanthi, N., Pinkham, C., Dugas, L., Patrick, B., & LaBella, C. (2013). Sports specialization in young athletes: Evidence-based recommendations. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach , 5(3), 251–257. Myer, G. D., Jayanthi, N., Difiori, J. P., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kiefer, A. W., Logerstedt, D., & Micheli, L. J. (2015). Sports specialization, part I: Does early sports specialization increase negative outcomes and reduce the opportunity for success in young athletes? Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach , 7(5), 437-442. Brenner, J. S. (2016). Sports specialization and intensive training in young athletes. Pediatrics , 138(3), e20162148

AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) basketball has become a significant element of the basketball landscape in the United States. What began as a platform for the elite athletes to hone their skills has evolved into a vast network of teams and tournaments available to almost any youth who can afford the team fees.   While the sport provides opportunities for exposure and development, it also poses challenges to athletes, coaches, parents, and local high school sports. In this article, we will explore the history of AAU basketball, its evolution, and both the positive and negative aspects of the system as it currently stands. The History and Evolution of AAU Basketball AAU basketball traces its roots to 1888 when the Amateur Athletic Union was founded. The organization was originally created to promote and regulate amateur sports, providing athletes with opportunities to compete in organized competitions. AAU basketball specifically began to take shape in the mid-20th century and really gained prominence in the 1980s and 1990s. The idea was simple: provide the best high school basketball players an opportunity to play outside of their school season, allowing them to develop their skills further and gain exposure to college scouts. Historically, AAU basketball was an elite program reserved for the top players. Teams were selective, and joining required not just a high skill level, but also an invitation. The exclusivity helped maintain a high standard of play and ensured that players who made the teams were competing against other elite athletes. As a result, AAU was highly regarded and played a crucial role in developing top-tier talent. Many future NBA stars participated in AAU basketball, using it as a steppingstone to college scholarships and, eventually, professional careers. However, over the past few decades, AAU basketball has shifted dramatically.  Today, it is no longer a sport reserved for the elite but has expanded into a massive business model where nearly any youth player can join, provided their family can pay the fees. While this inclusivity has allowed more athletes to participate, it also raises questions about the quality of competition, coaching, and the true value of the experience for many young players. Positive Effects of AAU Basketball 1. Exposure and Recruitment for Juniors and Seniors One of the most positive aspects of AAU basketball is its ability to provide juniors and seniors with opportunities for college recruitment. Many college coaches attend AAU tournaments during the spring and summer to scout players. These events offer players who may not get as much exposure in their high school season a chance to showcase their talents in front of dozens, if not hundreds, of college scouts at once. For elite juniors and seniors, this system can be invaluable. High school seasons are limited in terms of games and visibility. Meanwhile, AAU tournaments can offer multiple games in a weekend, all played in front of recruiters who are actively searching for prospects to fill their college rosters. It’s no surprise that many players who have received college scholarships, and even gone on to play professionally, cite AAU basketball as a crucial part of their development and exposure. 2. Skill Development and Additional Playing Time AAU basketball can also provide players with the chance to develop their skills through more playing time and higher-level competition. For players truly dedicated to improving, playing an additional season (playing an AAU season after the school season) is a significant advantage. While high school basketball offers a defined season, AAU fills the gaps, providing an opportunity for players to compete in the spring and summer when school seasons have concluded. This additional playing time can be instrumental in a player's development. Instead of waiting months between high school seasons, athletes can stay sharp by competing against strong competition and working on their skills in the spring. Negative Effects of AAU Basketball 1. Encroachment on High School Spring Sports One of the more problematic effects of AAU basketball is the way it interferes with high school spring sports. Many high school athletes are multi-sport competitors, playing basketball in the winter and participating in spring sports like baseball, track, or lacrosse. However, AAU basketball runs in the spring, overlapping with these sports, either forcing athletes to choose between their high school teams and their AAU commitments or creating another problem by overworking young athletes by attending their school sport event and an AAU event in the same evening. This situation often puts significant pressure on athletes, parents, and coaches. High school coaches may find themselves losing top players to AAU tournaments during the spring, which can negatively impact their teams, and shows directly misaligned priorities on the part of the athlete (and likely, the parents). Additionally, athletes are forced to make difficult choices: risk losing favor with their high school coaches or prioritize AAU for the potential exposure to college scouts. This conflict can be stressful for young athletes, who should be encouraged to enjoy playing multiple sports for their school. 2. Misunderstanding of Skill Levels and Team Placement A common issue arises when parents see their child succeed in AAU basketball but struggle to earn a starting spot on their high school team. In many cases, parents believe that this discrepancy reflects poorly on the high school coach. However, they often fail to recognize a key difference between high school and AAU teams: skill-appropriate placement. AAU basketball is often structured with multiple levels of competition, allowing players of varying abilities to find a team that suits their skill level. In contrast, high school teams only have a varsity, junior varsity, and freshman (or sophomore) team, where the competition is more condensed. Just because a player is thriving on an AAU team does not necessarily mean they are ready for varsity competition in high school. This misunderstanding can lead to tensions between parents and high school coaches, who may be unjustly criticized for not playing the athlete as much as their AAU coaches do. 3. Negative Culture Surrounding AAU Basketball o Uneducated Coaches Another issue with AAU basketball is the proliferation of uneducated coaches. While some AAU programs employ knowledgeable, experienced coaches, others are led by individuals with little to no formal basketball training. To be blunt, nearly anyone reading this could become an AAU coach tomorrow with little or no basketball background, or sometimes worse, a basketball background but no real knowledge of coaching. This lack of experience can hinder player development, as athletes may not receive the proper instruction to improve their skills or avoid bad habits. Without certification requirements or oversight, coaching quality can vary drastically from team to team, leaving some players at a disadvantage. To be perfectly clear, some AAU coaches are simply disgruntled parents who created the team so their kid can play. o Entitlement Among Athletes and Parents AAU basketball has also fostered a sense of entitlement among certain athletes and parents. Because AAU teams are typically funded by player fees, many parents believe that their financial investment guarantees playing time for their child. This dynamic can create tension between parents, athletes, and coaches, particularly when parents feel their child isn't getting the minutes they "paid for." This entitlement can lead to players (and parents) feeling they deserve opportunities regardless of their effort, skill level, or attitude, which is detrimental to their long-term development both on and off the court. o Lack of Game-Day Oversight High school sports are typically played under the supervision of school administrators, athletic directors, and security personnel who can handle any behavioral issues. Unfortunately, many AAU tournaments lack this structure. Without proper oversight, parents are more likely to yell at officials, argue with coaches, and display poor sportsmanship. There are often no administrators or event staff available to manage fan behavior, and as a result, the atmosphere at some AAU events can become chaotic and toxic. o Lack of Athletic Trainers   In addition, the absence of certified athletic trainers can put athletes at risk. High school sports often require the presence of a trainer to handle injuries, but in many AAU events, there is no such requirement. This leaves injured players vulnerable, as no qualified personnel are available to provide immediate care. It also raises concerns about the welfare of the athletes, particularly in a system where young players are being pushed to play multiple games in a single weekend, which increases the likelihood of overuse injuries. o Added Family Stress AAU basketball places a significant burden on families, particularly in terms of time management and financial commitment. With practices often scheduled on weeknights, parents must juggle work, school, and extracurricular activities to ensure their athlete(s) can attend. On top of these weeknight practices, weekend tournaments frequently consume entire days, and sometimes, entire weekends. These tournaments are often located hours away from home, requiring families to travel long distances and spend money on hotel rooms or Airbnbs. For families with multiple athletes involved in AAU basketball, the challenge becomes even greater as they balance different schedules, travel to separate events, and bear the increasing financial strain. The added stress can be overwhelming for parents who are already trying to manage the demands of work and home life. For many parents and coaches, there is also a perception that the further a tournament is, the better the competition will be. This belief drives some families to prioritize traveling to distant tournaments, even when local options may offer equally good competition. The appeal of traveling to new places and playing against unfamiliar teams can be enticing, but it often leads to unnecessary time and expense. While some top-tier tournaments do attract elite teams, the idea that traveling further automatically guarantees better exposure or higher competition is not always true. The funny reality – there’s a team on a random Saturday morning in April driving from Columbus, Ohio to attend a tournament in Indianapolis. There’s also a team from Indianapolis attending a tournament in Columbus. Both teams think they’re doing something great because they’re going out of town to play. Unfortunately, this mindset can lead to burnout, as both athletes and their families are stretched thin with constant travel and packed schedules.   Coach’s Final Thoughts AAU basketball has its strengths and weaknesses, and its overall impact on youth basketball is a complex issue. For older players, AAU offers invaluable exposure to college recruiters, additional playing time, and high-level competition. However, for younger players, the benefits may not be as pronounced. The financial aspect of AAU allows many to participate, but it also creates a system where the quality of coaching and competition can be inconsistent. Furthermore, the culture of entitlement, conflicts with high school sports, and lack of game-day oversight are significant concerns that need addressing. Ultimately, for AAU basketball to continue being a positive force in the development of young athletes, there needs to be a greater emphasis on quality coaching, clear expectations for athletes and parents, and more structured oversight during games and tournaments. With these adjustments, AAU can maintain its position as a critical component of basketball development while minimizing the negative effects that have emerged in recent years.

In recent years, amateur sports have become a thriving ecosystem and a $20 billion per year industry. Kids start playing organized sports at increasingly younger ages, encouraged by coaches, schools, and often, parents. This is not inherently negative. After all, sports promote physical fitness, socialization, teamwork, and discipline. However, there is a growing concern within the medical and sports communities regarding overuse injuries in amateur athletes. With the pursuit of success at times overriding common sense , young athletes face a rising risk of injury due to overtraining and excessive play. This article delves into the causes, the sports most impacted by overuse injuries, the risks associated with certain behaviors, and the strategies that can help prevent these injuries. Understanding Overuse Injuries Overuse injuries occur when repetitive stress is placed on muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons without adequate time for rest and recovery. The effects may not be immediate; rather, they accumulate over time, resulting in strains, sprains, stress fractures, or tendinitis, which is inflammation of tendons due to repetitive motion . As children grow, their developing bodies are particularly vulnerable to these injuries, which can have long-term impacts on their musculoskeletal system. The increase in specialization—focusing on one sport from a young age—is often blamed for this surge in overuse injuries. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), athletes who specialize in a single sport at a young age are at a higher risk of overuse injuries compared to those who diversify their athletic activities. This growing concern leads us to ask: How can amateur sports encourage success while preventing overuse injuries? Major Sports and Overuse Injuries Several sports are notorious for their propensity to lead to overuse injuries. Here are a few where these injuries are most prevalent: 1. Baseball and Softball Throwing sports like baseball and softball are prime culprits when it comes to overuse injuries. The repetitive overhead rotational motion of pitching or throwing can cause significant strain on the shoulder and elbow joints. Little League elbow is a common injury in young baseball players, characterized by inflammation of the growth plate in the elbow. Overuse can also lead to rotator cuff injuries and, in severe cases, may necessitate surgery. Often athletes throw and swing the bat from the same side, so the constant repetitive rotational movements can cause spine and hip misalignment issues. While pitch counts and rest days are now somewhat monitored in amateur leagues, some coaches and parents push the boundaries, believing more practice and play will lead to greater success—often to the detriment of the child’s health. 2. Soccer Soccer, while lower in collision-related injuries compared to football, poses a unique risk for overuse injuries, particularly in the lower extremities. The sport requires constant running, cutting, and kicking, which can lead to stress fractures, shin splints, and chronic conditions like patellar tendinitis (commonly known as "jumper's knee"). Young soccer players who participate in year-round leagues without adequate off-seasons are at particular risk of developing these injuries. 3. Swimming Swimming involves repetitive motions of the shoulders, knees, and hips. Swimmers, especially those who train competitively at a young age, often experience shoulder problems such as rotator cuff tendinitis due to the repetitive overhead stroke. The continuous strain on the shoulder joint can lead to "swimmer's shoulder," which is a broad term covering various shoulder overuse injuries. 4. Tennis Similar to baseball, tennis involves repetitive arm motions, particularly in serves and forehands, which can lead to overuse injuries like tennis elbow or wrist tendinitis. Because of the constant lateral movements, young tennis players are also susceptible to lower body injuries, such as stress fractures in the feet or legs. 5. Gymnastics Gymnasts often train for long hours, performing routines that require repetitive jumping, flipping, and balancing. The nature of the sport puts stress on the wrists, ankles, and knees, leading to overuse injuries like stress fractures, chronic wrist pain, and Osgood-Schlatter disease (knee pain caused by inflammation of the patellar tendon). Because gymnastics is a year-round sport with a highly competitive environment, overuse injuries are common in young athletes. The Role of Playing Multiple Sports in One Season Many amateur athletes are encouraged or even pressured to play multiple sports, sometimes within the same season. While playing different sports can diversify skill sets and work different muscle groups, it can also lead to an accumulation of stress on the body, particularly if the sports require similar physical movements. For instance, a child playing both basketball and volleyball in the same season may face a significant risk of lower body overuse injuries because both sports demand constant running, cutting, and jumping. Without adequate recovery time between practices and games, these young athletes can face burnout and injury. How can they achieve adequate recovery when they go from a basketball practice from 3:00-5:00 in the afternoon, to a 30-minute drive for volleyball practice from 6:00-8:00? Research suggests that multi-sport athletes are actually less likely to suffer from overuse injuries compared to single-sport athletes, but only if these athletes have adequate rest periods between seasons and practices.   It’s not the act of playing multiple sports that’s inherently risky—it’s the lack of rest and recovery that increases the injury potential. Bad Coaching Decisions Coaching plays a pivotal role in both preventing and contributing to overuse injuries in amateur athletes. Coaches who are well-informed and prioritize player health create an environment that fosters longevity in sports participation. However, bad coaching decisions can have devastating consequences. Here are a few problematic coaching behaviors: Ignoring research-based rest information: Many coaches in youth baseball specifically, are either unaware of (sad, but better) or are aware of but ignore (much worse) the MLB Pitch Smart metrics for pitch count-to-rest ratios. Some coaches actually think they know better than the sports orthopedic surgeons and deep baseball people who developed those metrics. I actually had an 11U baseball coach tell me, ‘They (the MLB Pitch Smart board members) don’t know my pitchers as well as I do. I know my players!’ Excessive practice sessions : Some coaches, driven by the desire to win, push young athletes to practice too frequently and for too long, not recognizing the need for rest. Neglecting proper warm-ups and cool-downs : Warm-ups and cool-downs are critical for injury prevention. Coaches who fail to integrate dynamic warm-ups, muscle activation, and proper cooldowns contribute to increased injury risk. Overlooking technique : Proper technique is essential in preventing overuse injuries, especially in sports like baseball, tennis, and gymnastics, where poor form can put undue stress on certain joints. Coaches who fail to teach and correct technique open the door for potential injuries. Ignoring warning signs : Young athletes are often eager to please and may not report pain or discomfort, especially if they feel it will cost them playing time. Coaches who dismiss or ignore signs of fatigue, limping, or repetitive strain are setting their players up for serious injuries. Overzealous Parents Parental pressure in amateur sports has long been a topic of debate. While supportive parents can encourage children to excel, devoted parents can unintentionally push their kids to the brink of injury. Parents may sign their children up for multiple teams, insist on playing through pain, or emphasize playing time and success over rest and recovery. This pressure can have serious physical and emotional consequences. It’s a FOMO issue – the parents think their kid needs more, more, and more or the kid will be left out in their future sports life. One common issue is the "no pain, no gain" mentality that some parents adopt, believing that enduring pain is part of becoming a better athlete. However, pain in amateur athletes, especially chronic pain, is a clear indicator that something is wrong. Overuse injuries can worsen if athletes continue to play through the pain, potentially leading to long-term damage and even permanent injury. Prevention Strategies Preventing overuse injuries in amateur athletes requires a multi-faceted approach that includes education, proper training, and a focus on recovery. Here are some evidence-based strategies: DO NOT allow your athlete to compete on multiple teams in the same season: This is very high on the list of risk factors in many research studies on this topic. Specifically, it overworks the athletes without sufficient recovery time. Implement age-appropriate training programs : Amateur athletes should follow training regimens that are tailored to their age and physical development. Overtraining at a young age can lead to burnout and injury, while training that is too light may fail to develop necessary skills. Promote sport diversification : Encourage young athletes to play a variety of sports, especially during their developmental years. Multi-sport participation helps reduce the risk of overuse injuries by working different muscle groups and avoiding repetitive strain on specific joints – just not in the same season. Limit specialization until high school ages (later in high school) : Early specialization has been linked to increased rates of overuse injuries. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine recommends that children should not specialize in a single sport before adolescence. Instead, they should engage in a variety of activities to promote balanced physical development. Monitor training loads : Coaches, parents, and athletes need to work together to ensure that training loads are appropriate. This includes balancing practice time, game participation, and other physical activities to avoid excessive strain on the body. Ensure proper technique and form : Coaches must prioritize teaching correct form and technique, especially in sports where repetitive motions are common. This will not only enhance performance but also reduce the risk of injury. Encourage rest and recovery : Rest days and off-seasons are essential for preventing overuse injuries. Athletes should be encouraged to listen to their bodies and rest when they feel fatigued or experience pain. Recovery protocols, such as ice therapy, stretching, and proper nutrition, can help reduce injury risk. Recovery Protocols When overuse injuries do occur, prompt and proper recovery is essential to ensure long-term health and return to sport. Recovery protocols typically involve the following steps: Rest : The most crucial component of recovery is rest. Depending on the severity of the injury, athletes may need to stop all physical activity for several weeks. Continuing to play through an overuse injury can lead to chronic issues or permanent damage. Physical therapy : A physical therapist can help amateur athletes regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion after an injury. They may also work on correcting any biomechanical issues that contributed to the injury in the first place. Gradual return to play : Returning to sports after an overuse injury should be a gradual process. Athletes should begin with low-impact activities and gradually increase their intensity as they regain strength and mobility. Education : Teaching young athletes about the importance of injury prevention and body awareness is critical for long-term success. Educating them about the signs of overuse injuries can help them avoid pushing through pain in the future. Final Thoughts Overuse injuries in amateur sports are a growing concern, driven by early specialization and overzealous and uneducated (not in a derogatory sense) coaches and parents, multi-sport participation in the same season, and external pressures from coaches and parents. By promoting balanced training, proper technique, and emphasizing the importance of rest and recovery, we can help protect young athletes from the physical and emotional toll of these injuries. Prevention strategies and effective recovery protocols can ensure that children continue to enjoy the benefits of sports while minimizing the risks of long-term harm. Sources: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA)

In sports, athletes often find themselves in high-stakes situations where the outcome of a contest can hinge on a single moment. Emotions run high, and the pressure to perform is immense. However, one controversial aspect that continues to grow in modern sports is the act of "flopping" — when an athlete simulates being fouled or injured to gain an advantage. Not only can this negatively impact the integrity of the game, but it can also lead to a dangerous shift in how fans perceive and react to officials. I recently heard of a high school soccer game that highlighted this issue perfectly. A young player, eager to gain an upper hand for his team, repeatedly flopped and exaggerated minor or non-existent contact. With each tumble to the ground, his parents and his coach became more agitated, shouting at the officials to call fouls that weren’t warranted. Before long, the tension had spread like wildfire. Soon, the entire stands were engulfed in a barrage of complaints and insults hurled at the referees. It was clear that a single athlete's actions on the field had a part in completely shifting the focus of the fans from the actual game to the officials. In this article, I want to explore the impact of flopping on competition, its consequences for athletes, officials, and fans, and how we as a sports community can address the issue before it gets (more) out of hand. What Is Flopping? Flopping refers to the act of an athlete intentionally exaggerating contact in an attempt to deceive the referee into awarding a favorable decision, such as a free kick, penalty, or foul. This behavior is most commonly associated with sports like soccer, basketball, and hockey, where physical contact plays a significant role in the game. However, the act of flopping is not always physical; some athletes simulate pain or injury to make the referee think they’ve been wronged. In recent years, flopping has become a more prevalent issue, sadly in amateur sports, where the behavior is often copied from professional athletes (pro soccer and basketball are the best (or worst) examples). What starts as a way to gain an edge can escalate into a broader problem, as we saw during the recent soccer match referenced. How Flopping Affects Fans To understand how flopping affects fans, we need to recognize the emotional investment spectators have in the game. Fans come to support their children, their friends, and their community. They want to see fair play, hard work, and deserving athletes win. When a young player starts to flop repeatedly, it not only disrupts the flow of the game but also shifts focus to the referees. In the soccer game referenced, every time the young player hit the ground, the crowd became more hostile toward the officials. At first, only the parents of the player were involved, but as the game wore on, their frustration spread to other spectators. The longer the flopping continued, the more agitated the crowd became, resulting in a mob-like atmosphere, with fans from both sides yelling at the referees. By the end of the match, many parents were visibly upset, not necessarily at the players but at the officials who they felt were either incompetent or biased. This is the real danger of flopping in amateur sports — it can quickly turn a fun, competitive atmosphere into an emotionally charged, hostile environment. And in amateur sports, where developing a positive and supportive environment is key, this can have long-lasting effects on the athletes, the parents, and the officials. The Consequences for Officials No one has a harder job on the field than the referees. Officials are tasked with maintaining order, ensuring the rules are followed, and making split-second decisions that can determine the outcome of a game. When athletes start to flop, referees are placed in a nearly impossible position. They have to assess whether the contact was genuine or manufactured, all while trying to keep the game flowing smoothly. In the case of the soccer game referenced, the young player’s repeated flopping put tremendous pressure on the officials. Each time he fell, the referees had to make a judgment call. At first, they did not react to the exaggerated falls, which led the parents to begin heckling them. Over time, the situation became untenable, and the referees started to make calls simply to appease the crowd and avoid further backlash. However, that turned the opposing fans against the officials as they could see the flopping also. This is a common outcome when athletes flop. Officials are human, and while they strive to be objective, the intense scrutiny from fans can affect their decision-making. As a result, games can lose their competitive fairness, as referees may begin to call fouls based on the reactions of the crowd rather than the actions on the field. The Impact on Athletes While flopping may seem like a harmless way for an athlete to gain an advantage, the long-term consequences can be damaging. For one, it teaches young athletes that deception is an acceptable part of the game, undermining the core values of sportsmanship and integrity that we try to instill in education-based athletics. In addition, relying on flopping can stunt an athlete’s development. Instead of focusing on improving their skills, strength, and technique, they may spend more time perfecting how to fall convincingly or how to feign an injury. And it gives them an excuse for not completing the play. This behavior not only limits their growth but also can harm their reputation among teammates, coaches, and even future scouts or recruiters. In the case of the soccer game I attended, the young player’s repeated flopping may have earned him a few free kicks, but it also led to a shift in focus away from his actual skill and performance. The parents were more concerned with how the referees handled the situation than with their child’s ability to contribute to the game. Addressing the Problem So, how do we address the problem of flopping in amateur sports? Here are a few suggestions: 1. Education : Coaches, parents, and officials need to educate young athletes on the importance of fair play. Athletes should understand that flopping undermines the integrity of the game and can have negative consequences for everyone involved. Coaches, in particular, have a responsibility to discourage flopping during practice and games, emphasizing skill development over deception. 2. Referee Training : Officials need to be trained on how to recognize flopping and deal with it effectively. Referees should be empowered to issue warnings or even penalties for players who attempt to deceive the officials. This will help send a message to athletes that flopping will not be tolerated. 3. Parental Involvement : Parents play a crucial role in shaping how young athletes behave on the field. If parents reinforce the idea that flopping is unacceptable, and confront their athlete about it, athletes will be less likely to engage in the behavior. In the case of the soccer game referenced, the parents’ emotional response only fueled the situation. Had they remained calm and supportive, the flopping might not have escalated to the point it did. 4. Coaches : Coaches also play an important role in shaping our young athletes. They can address flopping in practice or contests, and coach in a manner that exemplifies not accepting an immoral and unethical act, such as flopping. Speaking to the team directly about the concept of flopping, and ensuring the team knows it's an unacceptable act will go a long way. 5. Culture Shift : Finally, we need to shift the culture of youth sports away from winning at all costs and toward a focus on character development. While competition is important, it should never come at the expense of integrity and fair play. If we can create a culture where flopping is viewed as unsportsmanlike, athletes will be less likely to engage in it. Final Thoughts Flopping in amateur sports is more than just an annoyance; it’s a behavior that can have far-reaching consequences for athletes, officials, and fans. The soccer game we've talk ed about was a perfect example of how a single player’s actions can lead to an emotionally charged environment that puts tremendous pressure on referees and disrupts the enjoyment of the game for everyone involved.
Flopping is immoral and unethical - it's gamesmanship, which is cheating. It's a weakness in the athlete and is overall disrespectful to the officials, their coaches, the game, and themselves. As a community, we need to work together to address this issue. Through education, training, and a shift in cultural values, we can ensure that amateur sports remain a positive, fair, and enjoyable experience for all participants. Let’s encourage our young athletes to play with integrity and respect, both for their opponents and for the officials whomake the game possible.

How about a simple, easily portable pitching machine that will help young players learn to hit a smaller, moving ball - and it's well under $100! A constant challenge for coaches, especially youth coaches, is how can they get their players to hit a moving ball, especially without the coach wearing his arm out. This is a device I've used for a few years and it's still working great. I've used it in the winter practices inside our gyms as it pitches golf ball sized tight foam balls so there's no concern for it breaking anything. One of the cool parts - it runs using an AC adapter (plug it into an outlet) or using 6 C batteries! It's easy to setup and a drill station my 9U team could operate independently. Bonus - use this with the Web Glove to improve catching performance, also! SKLZ Lightning Bolt Baseball Pitching Machine Product Description The Lightning Bolt pitching machine is a lightweight, portable and fun training tool designed to improve contact at the plate. Through focusing on soft micro balls, batters work on the visual processing, concentration and hand-eye coordination that make hitters great. Adding a Quick Stick bat increases the challenge for even the most experienced ballplayer. Features Lightweight and portable–ideal for practicing hitting just about anywhere Builds visual acuity and hitting accuracy Automatically pitches soft practice balls 30 mph 5 second delay between pitches, to give solid repetition training Angle adjusts for different pitching locations Holds up to 26 balls at a time and includes 12 Bolt Balls Powered by AC adapter or 6 C batteries (batteries not included) The Lightning Bolt pitching machine is a lightweight, portable and fun training tool designed to improve contact at the plate. Through focusing on soft micro balls, batters work on the visual processing, concentration and hand-eye coordination that make hitters great. Adding a Quick Stick bat increases the challenge for even the most experienced ballplayer.

SKLZ Lightning Bolt Pitching Machine Pro The SKLZ Lightning Bolt Pro pitching machine is a lightweight, portable, and fun training tool designed to improve contact at the plate. The machine forces hitters to intently focus on making contact with the soft micro training balls, thus developing the visual processing, concentration, and eye-hand coordination that makes hitters great. It holds 26 balls at a time and angle adjusts for different pitching locations. The five-second delay between pitches offers solid repetition training while the auto pitch feature tosses soft practice balls 25 feet at 30 miles per hour with realistic flight. Comes with 12 soft micro Bolt training balls. The shagger detaches for easy ball collection around the field or backyard. Features: Automatically pitches small soft practice balls 25 feet at 30 miles per hour with realistic flight 5 second delay between pitches, to give solid repetition training Included Shagger holds up to 26 balls at a time Runs on batteries (requires 6 size C batteries, not included) or with included AC adapter Helps improve visual acuity and hitting accuracy Angle adjusts for different pitching locations Includes 12 soft micro Bolt Balls with a 5.125 inch circumference round 0.2 ounce weight Automatically pitches soft practice balls at 30mph

Remember when you were a young baseball player and you wanted to know how hard someone was throwing? But no one you knew had a radar gun. So, you just estimated how fast that heater was coming in. Well, now you can have one in your pocket. I've used this radar with my 10U teams to check their exit velocity. I've also used it with my high school team for the same reason, and to check the speed of the pitchers. It's especially good to check your pitchers in their games as decreased fastball speed is a sign of fatigue, and fatigue leads to mechanical breakdown, which leads to arm injuries. Here's more on the Pocket Radar. There are two versions: Smart Coach and Ball Coach The Smart Coach links to an app which will show pitch speed (it has a few other cool options, also) on the phone or tablet. The Ball Coach gives pitch speed on the device only. Bring Your Training Home
Smart Coach App System
The Smart Coach App System, with its unique ability to automatically capture videos with embedded velocities, allows you to continue to work remotely with your coaches and participate in recruiting/scouting activities. Immediate video and velocity feedback, while training on your own at home, has been shown to result in an accelerated improvement of skills.
Remote Coaching and Training: Not only is training with video analysis a powerful development tool, it is also a method of being seen remotely. The Smart Coach Radar System allows you to record videos with speeds directly embedded inside. Share these videos with coaches and scouts and post them to social media for extra recruiting visibility. As a premier provider of training tools, Pocket Radar is working with many top training programs, including Driveline Baseball with their TRAQ system, to help athletes train and develop at home. Compatible with the FREE Pocket Radar App (Available on iOS and Android)
Smart Coach Radar Companion App
The Smart Coach Radar with the Pocket Radar app is your complete speed and video training system. It is the first pro-level speed radar that can be used stand-alone or with a companion app. The combination of the Smart Coach Radar with the Pocket Radar app allows you to access many advanced features not available with any other radar guns, including the following: Instant Feedback with Remote Speed Display and Audio Speed Announcement Track Results over time with Instant History Review and Data Export Get Speeds Instantly and Record Video with Embedded Speeds at the Same Time Review Mechanics and Results with Speed Embedded in Video Capture and Share Video with Speed for Remote Coaching Share Videos of Results/Improvement Socially to Friends, Coaches and Recruiters Upload Your Videos to other training/recruiting software and apps
App Device Compatibility: Apple Devices Running iOS 10 and above. Leading Android Devices Running OS 6.0 and above. Bluetooth Connectivity 4.0 and above.
Accurately measures the speed of a ball or puck
Baseball Softball Tennis Volleyball Hockey Lacrosse Cricket Many More
Pocket Radar Smart Coach/Bluetooth App Enabled Radar Gun
Speed in Video and Remote Display
The first affordable, complete speed and video training system that empowers the modern athlete and coach in many sports with the ability to create and share a digital record of their progress. By providing actionable insights into important metrics like hitting exit velocity, serve speed and pitch speed, coaches and athletes can now optimize their techniques and methods to get better results. Innovative stand-alone accurate radar gun that can also be used with an app on iOS and Android devices Exit Velocities, pitching speeds, shooting speeds, serving speeds and more can be displayed on your iOS or Android devices in bright red LED and announced via speaker Record auto-edited videos with speed embedded that you could share via email, text message or social media using the Free Pocket Radar App that pairs to the Smart Coach device via Bluetooth Track data over time in your history and export to a CSV file to monitor your progress Compatible with the Free Pocket Radar App on Apple and Android devices; Includes 2-year manufacturer’s warranty

Here I'm bringing you another item that I fully support. This WebGlove is unique and is a great tool to develop hand-eye coordination in young players and refine it in older players. I use these with my 11-year-old and 10-year-old players. They love the games we play with it. We have challenges using it at first base catching throws from infielders from about 15 feet away. Another challenge is with our catchers - just receiving pitches. We also use it with our outfielders catching fly balls - it's especially fun on a windy day to see the little wiffle balls float through the sky. I recommend this product to any coach or parent of baseball or softball players. It's really a one-of-a-kind training tool. And they don't pay me to say that. - Coach Sullivan This unique glove fits over your index finger and thumb to create a small pocket that safely teaches players the proper way to catch a ball in the web. It’s a challenge and any player that can consistently catch the ball with the WebGlov will have the best hands on the team. Use with the Personal Pitcher to work on: Catcher’s framing, Fly ball drills for outfielders, Turning two for middle infielders, Picking the ball at first base Fielding ground balls For young players: This is the best way to safely teach them how to catch and build confidence in their ability! Features Designed to catch Wiffle golf balls Lightweight - easy fit in a bat bag or team with team gear Durable neoprene material Fits over your index finger and thumb Universal for left or right-handed players Benefits
Develop “Soft Hands” Improve Hand-Eye Coordination Build Confidence in Fielding Safely Teach Young Players How to Catch Eliminate Fear of the Ball Here are reviews from a couple happy customers. As always, let me know if there's any way we can be of help. BETTER COACHING